Adherence to surveillance guidelines after radical cystectomy: A population-based analysis

ObjectivesSurveillance after radical cystectomy is recommended to detect tumor recurrence and treatment complications. We evaluated adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines using a large population-based database.Methods and materialsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database was used to identify patients aged ≥66 years diagnosed with nonmetastatic bladder cancer who had undergone radical cystectomy between 2000 and 2007. Medicare claims information identified recommended surveillance tests for 2 years after cystectomy as outlined in the NCCN guidelines. Adherence was defined as receipt of urine cytology and imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis in each year. We evaluated the effect of patient and provider characteristics on adherence, controlling for demographic and disease characteristics.ResultsOf 3,757 patients who had undergone radical cystectomy, 2,990 (80%) were alive after 2 years. Adherence to all recommended investigations was 17% for the first and the second years following surgery. Among patients surviving 2 years, only 9% had complete surveillance in both years. In either year, adherence was less likely in patients with advanced pathologic stage (III/IV) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60–0.91) and unmarried patients (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.99). Adherence was more likely in patients treated by high-volume surgeons (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.70–2.36) and those who saw a medical oncologist (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.27–1.82). We also observed significant geographic variability in adherence.ConclusionPatterns of surveillance after radical cystectomy deviate considerably from NCCN recommendations. Despite increased utilization of radiographic imaging investigations, the omission of urine cytology significantly contributed to the low rate of overall adherence to surveillance guidelines. Uniform adherence to surveillance guidelines was observed in patients treated by high-volume surgeons. This suggests an important opportunity for quality improvement in bladder cancer care.     

Significance of perivesical lymph nodes in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer

ObjectiveThe location of positive lymph nodes (LNs) is important for bladder cancer staging. Little is known regarding the impact of perivesical (PV) lymph node (PVLN) involvement on survival. This study characterized PVLN identified after radical cystectomy (RC) and analyzed their impact on recurrence and survival.Materials and methodsWe reviewed our institutional review board–approved database including all patients who underwent RC with pelvic lymphadenectomy for curative intent for urothelial carcinoma. Clinical and pathologic data were obtained. Patients were analyzed in groups according to the location of positive LNs: PV+/other LN (ON)+, PV+/ON?, and PV?/ON+. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariable Cox regression (including pathologic T category, number of positive LNs, highest level of positive LNs, chemotherapy, and margin status) was performed to evaluate associations between PVLN status and survival.ResultsIn total, 2,017 patients met inclusion criteria and 465 (23%) were LN+. PVLNs were identified in 936 patients (47%), positive in 197 patients (10%), and represented isolated LN+disease in 101 patients (5%). On univariate analysis, RFS and OS were significantly worse in the PV+/ON+group compared with the PV+/ON? and PV?/ON+ groups. There were no significant differences in RFS or OS between the PV+/ON? and PV?/ON+ groups. On multivariable analysis, PV+/ON+disease was independently associated with worse RFS and OS when compared with PV?/ON+ disease.ConclusionsPVLNs were identified in a significant number of patients after RC. Positive PVLN, when in combination with other positive LNs, portends worse survival even when correcting for the number of positive nodes.     

Effect of body mass index on the outcomes of patients with upper and lower urinary tract cancers treated by radical surgery: Results from a Canadian multicenter collaboration

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the outcomes of patients with urinary tract carcinoma treated with radical surgery.Materials and methodsData were collected from 10 Canadian centers on patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) (1998–2008) or radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) (1990–2010). Various parameters among subsets of patients (BMI<25, 25≤BMI<30, and BMI≥30 kg/m²) were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the effect of BMI on overall survival, disease-specific survival, and recurrence-free survival (RFS).ResultsAmong the 847 RC and 664 RNU patients, there was no difference in histology, stage, grade, and margin status among the 3 patient subsets undergoing either surgery. However, RC patients with lower BMIs (<25 kg/m²) were significantly older (P = 0.004), had more nodal metastasis (P = 0.03), and trended toward higher stage (P = 0.052). RNU patients with lower BMIs (<25 kg/m²) were significantly older (P = 0.0004) and fewer received adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.04) compared with those with BMI≥30 kg/m²; however, there was no difference in tumor location (P = 0.20), stage (P = 0.48), and management of distal ureter among the groups (P = 0.30). On multivariate analysis, BMI was not prognostic for overall survival, disease-specific survival, and RFS in the RC group. However, BMI≥30 kg/m² was associated with more bladder cancer recurrences and worse RFS in the RNU group (HR = 1.588; 95% CI: 1.148–2.196; P = 0.0052).ConclusionsIncreased BMI did not influence survival among RC patients. BMI≥30 kg/m² is associated with worse bladder cancer recurrences among RNU patients; whether this is related to difficulty in obtaining adequate bladder cuff in patients with obesity requires further evaluation.     

Five-year results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

BackgroundLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is gaining popularity, but studies reporting long-term results are still rare. The objective of this study was to present the 5-year outcome concerning weight loss, modification of co-morbidities, and late complications.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort with a minimal follow-up of 5 years. A total of 68 patients underwent LSG either as primary bariatric procedure (n = 41) or as redo operation after failed laparoscopic gastric banding (n = 27) between August 2004 and December 2007. At the time of LSG, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 43.0±8.0 kg/m², the mean age 43.1±10.1 years, and 78% were female. The follow-up rate was 100% at 1 year postoperatively, 97% after 2 years, and 91% after 5 years; the mean follow-up time was 5.9±0.8 years.ResultsThe average excessive BMI loss was 61.5%±23.4% after 1 year, 61.1%±23.4% after 2 years, and 57.4%±24.7% after 5 years. Co-morbidities improved considerably; a remission of type 2 diabetes could be reached at 85%. The following complications were observed: 1 leak (1.5%), 2 incisional hernias (2.9%), and new-onset gastroesophageal reflux in 11 patients (16.2%). Reoperation due to insufficient weight loss was necessary in 8 patients (11.8%).ConclusionsLSG was effective 5.9 years postoperatively with an excessive BMI loss of almost 60% and a considerable improvement or even remission of co-morbidities.     

胃十二指肠三角吻合术应用于胃癌全腹腔镜下远端胃切除术的可行性研究

目的：探讨胃十二指肠三角吻合术应用于胃癌全腹腔镜下远端胃切除术的可行性。方法2013年7-11月间,上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院普通外科对22例胃癌患者应用直线形吻合器进行胃十二指肠三角吻合,完成全腹腔镜下远端胃切除术并D2淋巴结清扫,其中12例应用改良三角吻合术（闭合共同开口时将原十二指肠吻合线一并移去的术式）,回顾性总结分析其临床资料。结果22例胃癌患者均于全腹腔镜下完成远端胃切除及胃十二指肠三角吻合,总手术时间（194．6±38．4） min,胃十二指肠三角吻合时间（19．1±14．1） min。术中应用直线形吻合器钉匣（5．8±0．8）个／例。术中出血量（49．5±24．0） ml,淋巴结清扫数目（32．8±12．4）枚／例,上、下切缘病理检查均未见癌残留。术后患者首次肛门排气时间（2．9±0．7） d,恢复饮水时间（4．8±1．1） d,进食半流质时间（6．6±1．2） d,术后住院时间（10．1±2．3） d。全组术后并发症发生率为9．1％（2／22）,但均未出现吻合口瘘、梗阻和出血等吻合口相关并发症。结论胃十二指肠三角吻合术简易、安全、可行,是胃癌全腹腔镜下远端胃切除术消化道重建较为理想的术式。     

结直肠癌根治术后肠梗阻的影响因素分析

目的探讨结直肠癌根治术后30d内发生肠梗阻的相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2011年9月福建医科大学附属协和医院结直肠外科由同一组医师实施的1366例结直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料,针对可能与术后肠梗阻相关的各种因素进行单因素和多因素分析,筛选出相关的危险因素和保护因素。结果全组结直肠癌根治术病例肠梗阻发生率为5．1％（70／1366）。经单因素和多因素分析显示,N：期（OR=I．893,95％CI：1．083。3．306）、结直肠肿瘤切除史（OR=4．899,95％C／：1．490～16．110）、术前合并肠梗阻（OR=2．616,95％C／：1．297—5．280）、右半结肠切除术（OR=2．024,95％CI：1．052～3．894）和左半结肠切除术（OR=3．030,95％CI：1．401～6．550）是结直肠癌根治术后肠梗阻的独立危险因素,腹腔镜手术（OR=0．520,95％CI：0．319～0．849）是结直肠癌根治术后肠梗阻的独立保护因素。结论结直肠癌根治术后肠梗阻的发生与手术操作有着密不可分的关系,腹腔镜手术可以减少术后肠梗阻的发生。     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术不同气腹压力对肠道的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜胃癌根治术中不同CO2气腹压力对肠黏膜损伤及肠功能恢复的影响。方法前瞻性将2011年6月至2012年6月间上海第二军医大学长征医院胃肠外科收治的早期和局部进展期远端胃癌患者48例入组,根据患者意愿分为开腹胃癌D：根治术（12例,开腹组）：腹腔镜胃癌根治术加D2淋巴结清扫术36例（LG组）,按气腹压力低、中、高设为8～10mmHg（LP组）、11—13mmHg（MP组）和14—16mmHg（HP组）,随机将腹腔镜手术患者分到各组,每组12例。对比分析LG组中3种不同气腹压力组与开腹组的并发症发生情况和手术前后肠黏膜的病理形态、血浆D．乳酸水平及肠道功能恢复情况。结果LG组中3种不同气腹压力组与开腹组患者术前各基本参数比较,差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。术后并发症发生率LG组（8．3％）低于开腹组（41．7％,P〈0．05）。开腹组术后肠黏膜损伤不明显;LG组中,LP组、MP组和HP组术后肠黏膜损伤程度分别为0～1级、1～2级和2-3级,HP组明显较LP组和MP组黏膜损伤程度严重（P〈0．05）。手术前血浆D．乳酸水平各组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而术后各组分别与术前比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;但HP组术后血浆D哥L酸检测水平最高,与其他3组比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。且HP组术后肠鸣音出现时间、排气时间及进食时间均较其他3组长,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜胃癌根治术安全微创优势明显,但较高气腹压力不利于术后肠黏膜和肠功能的恢复,术中应在保证手术视野清晰的情况下尽量降低气腹压力。     

完全腹腔镜全胃切除胃癌根治术消化道重建方式的探讨

与腹腔镜辅助的胃癌根治术相比较,完全腹腔镜胃癌根治术在全腔镜下行消化道重建,切口更小,拥有更佳的观察和操作视野,且对于病灶较大、位置较高及肥胖患者仍然适用。近期,一些学者进行了全腹腔镜下胃癌根治术消化道重建方式的尝试,但何种术式更佳尚存在诸多争议。本文综述了目前全腹腔镜全胃切除胃癌根治术腔内吻合方式的进展,着重于介绍其重建技巧及适应证。目前报道的全腹腔镜全胃切除胃癌根治术行消化道重建均是采用食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,而实现食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合的重建技术各有利弊。术者应根据肿瘤位置、食管管径大小及个人特长等情况选择,以期患者最大获益。